Aquatic exercise involves performing exercises and activities in the water (a heated pool is definitely a plus!) Aquatic exercise can have lots of benefits for people with conditions like arthritis, back pain, fibromyalgia, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, sports injuries, and more. Let's DIVE IN and explore some of the advantages of aquatic exercise.
Reduced Weight Bearing
One of the main benefits of aquatic exercise is that it reduces the impact and stress on your joints and muscles, thanks to the buoyancy of water. When submerged, you feel lighter and more supported, which allows you to move more easily and comfortably. Your therapist or instructor can use different depths of water to change how much force you experience. For example, when the water is up to your neck, you only bear about 10% of your body weight. This can be especially helpful for people who have difficulty walking, standing, or exercising on land due to pain, stiffness, or weakness.
Built-In Resistance
Another benefit of aquatic exercise is that water provides natural resistance. You've felt this if you've ever tried to move your arm or leg quickly underwater or run in a pool. Water resistance can be adjusted by changing the speed, direction, or surface area of the movement. There is also equipment like fan paddles, water weights, and kickboards that can make movements more challenging. Resistance training can help increase muscle strength and endurance, as well as improve blood circulation and heart health.
Compression
A third benefit of aquatic exercise is the hydrostatic pressure. This is the force that water exerts on an object, which increases with depth. If you've ever dove to the bottom of a deep pool and felt pressure on your body or in your ears, this is what caused it. The pressure of the water can be used to help reduce swelling in joints or tissues. The pressure of the water also gives your brain more input about the position your body and limbs are in. This can help improve proprioception, or the sense of where your body parts are in space. Improving proprioception can help enhance balance, coordination, and stability.
Heat
Our last benefit of aquatic exercise is that it takes advantage of the warmth of the water, which can help relax the muscles and relieve pain. Warm water stimulates nerve endings in your skin, which can help block pain signals. It also dilates the blood vessels, which can increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the injured or affected areas. Lastly, warm water can also have a calming effect on the mind and body, which can help you feel better.
Aquatic exercise can reduce the impact and stress on the joints and muscles, provide resistance and hydrostatic pressure, and use the warmth of the water to reduce pain while improving strength, endurance, proprioception, and function. Aquatic exercise can also be fun and enjoyable! If you’re interested in making the pool your gym, try out one of Dr. Kendra’s aquatic classes!
References:
- Research (peer-reviewed):
- Efficacy of aquatics for LBP - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34994794/
- Aquatics for people with MS - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32114368/
- Aquatics for people with stroke - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340581/
- Aquatics for Knee OA - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35346294/
- Articles and Content
- Benefits of Aquatic Therapy - https://medical.texasneurorehab.com/therapy-services/aquatic-therapy/
- Who is a good candidate for aquatic PT - https://www.upmc.com/services/rehab/crs/services/aquatic-therapy
- Aquatic exercises - Mayo Clinic
Dr. Kendra Lucas
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